Meanings
An informal written document that acknowledges the existence of a debt

Examples
I cannot pay you now; do you accept an IOU?
Non posso pagarti adesso; accetti un pagherò?

At the Missouri lottery I won $ 10.000 in cash, not in IOUs
Alla lotteria di capodanno ho vinto 10.000 Euro in contanti, non in pagherò

Origin
IOU is the phonetic acronym of the words "I owe you"